a wooden coffin type called " combinational type " consists of four rectangle-shaped panels , a cover , bottom part , side plates for the right and left sides , and two small square-shaped panels , which are sometimes used as partitions . つぎに「組合式」といわれる木棺は、蓋、底、左右の側板、計四枚の長方形の板と、前後の方形の小口板、時には別に仕切り板が付くこともあるが、二枚とを組み合わせて作った。
a wooden coffin type called " combinational type " consists of four rectangle-shaped panels , a cover , bottom part , side plates for the right and left sides , and two small square-shaped panels , which are sometimes used as partitions . つぎに「組合式」といわれる木棺は、蓋、底、左右の側板、計四枚の長方形の板と、前後の方形の小口板、時には別に仕切り板が付くこともあるが、二枚とを組み合わせて作った。
in this process , important innovative technologies , clearly different from those in previous train-cars , as described in the following , came to be practically used only during several years from 1953: the new train-car base supporting high-speeds in addition to ' the cardan driving method ,' which enabled the suppression of vibration and contributed to making passengers feel more comfortable and to enabling high-speed operations , ' all-metal light body train-cars ,' which enabled stress to be distributed to side plates and ceilings as well as floor chassis , ' the method of electrifying every train-car ,' in which every train-car was equipped with an electric motor to increase acceleration performances , ' the electromagnetic straight brake mechanism ,' which provided quick response abilities and allowed it to be handled easily , and ' the 1c8m method (mm unit method ), ' in which a control unit was shared by two electric power train-cars , contributing to reducing cost and to making the car bodies lighter . この過程で、振動を抑制し、乗り心地改善と高速運転に資する「カルダン駆動方式」と高速対応の新型台車、床面シャーシだけでなく側板や天井にも応力を分散させた「全金属製軽量車体」、全車両にモーターを搭載して加速力を高める「全電動車方式」、反応速度が速い上に取り扱いが容易な「電磁直通ブレーキ機構」、制御装置1台を2両の電動車で共用して軽量化やコストダウンを実現する「1C8M方式（MMユニット方式）」など、それ以前の電車とは一線を画する重要な革新的技術が、1953年からわずか数年の間に実用化されて普及した。
